National Monument or the popular abbreviated with Monas monument or memorial is at 132 meters (433 feet), which was established to commemorate the resistance and the Indonesian people's struggle for independence from Dutch colonial rule. Construction of the monument began on August 17, 1961 under the direction of President Sukarno, and was opened to the public on July 12, 1975. Monument is crowned flame sheet coated with gold which symbolizes the fighting spirit burning. The National Monument is located right in the center of Merdeka Square, Central Jakarta. Monuments and museums are open every day starting at 8:00 to 15:00 pm. On Monday last week of each month is closed to the public.
History
Once the center of the Indonesian government returned to Jakarta after previously based in Yogyakarta in 1950 following the recognition of the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia by the Dutch government in 1949, President Sukarno began to think about the construction of a national monument similar to the Eiffel Tower on the ground right in front of the Presidential Palace. Development aims Monas monument commemorate and preserve the Indonesian struggle for independence during the revolution of 1945, to continue to inspire patriotism and spirit of the present and future generations.
On August 17, 1954 a national committee was formed and a national monument design competition held in 1955. There are 51 works entered, but only one works made by Frederich Silaban that meet the specified criteria committee, among others, describe the character of the Indonesian nation and can survived for centuries. The second contest was held in 1960 but once again none of the 136 participants who met the criteria. Chairman of the jury then asked Silaban to show his design to Sukarno. But Sukarno does not like the design of it, and he wants the monument was shaped phallus and yoni. Silaban then asked to design a monument with a theme like that, but the design of the proposed Silaban too unbelievable so the cost is very large and not able to be covered by the state budget, especially when the economic conditions were pretty bad. Silaban refused to design a smaller building, and suggested the construction was delayed until the Indonesian economy improved. Sukarno then asked the architect R.M. Soedarsono to resume the draft. Soedarsono enter the numbers 17, 8 and 45, August 17, 1945 symbolizes the start of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, in the design of the monument. The National Memorial was later built in the area of 80 hectares. This monument diarsiteki by Friedrich Silaban and RM Soedarsono, began construction August 17, 1961.
On August 17, 1954 a national committee was formed and a national monument design competition held in 1955. There are 51 works entered, but only one works made by Frederich Silaban that meet the specified criteria committee, among others, describe the character of the Indonesian nation and can survived for centuries. The second contest was held in 1960 but once again none of the 136 participants who met the criteria. Chairman of the jury then asked Silaban to show his design to Sukarno. But Sukarno does not like the design of it, and he wants the monument was shaped phallus and yoni. Silaban then asked to design a monument with a theme like that, but the design of the proposed Silaban too unbelievable so the cost is very large and not able to be covered by the state budget, especially when the economic conditions were pretty bad. Silaban refused to design a smaller building, and suggested the construction was delayed until the Indonesian economy improved. Sukarno then asked the architect R.M. Soedarsono to resume the draft. Soedarsono enter the numbers 17, 8 and 45, August 17, 1945 symbolizes the start of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, in the design of the monument. The National Memorial was later built in the area of 80 hectares. This monument diarsiteki by Friedrich Silaban and RM Soedarsono, began construction August 17, 1961.
Development
Development consists of three stages. The first phase, the period 1961/1962 - 1964/1965 begins with the official start of construction on the date of August 17, 1961 with Sukarno ceremonially plugging concrete pegs first. A total of 284 pegs used as a concrete building foundation. A total of 360 pegs for the foundations of the earth implanted national history museum. Overall erection foundation completed in March 1962. Wall museum at the base of the building was completed in October. Construction of the obelisk later started and finally completed in August 1963. Development of the second phase took place in the period 1966 to 1968 as a result of the movement of 30 September 1965 (G-30-S/PKI) and coup attempts, this stage was delayed. The final stage takes place in the year 1969-1976 with added diorama in the museum's history. Although the construction has been completed, the problem still occurs, among other water leak that flooded the museum. Monument was officially opened to the public and was inaugurated on July 12, 1975 by Indonesian President Suharto. The location of the monument is known as Merdeka Square. Monas Field experience is five times the renaming Gambier Field, Field Ikada, Merdeka Square, National Monument Square and Monument Park. Around the monument there is a garden, two ponds and some open fields where exercise. In the Merdeka holidays are filled with visitors enjoying the scenery Monas recreation and perform various activities in the park.
Design Build Monument
Monas design based on the concept of universal eternal partner; Linga and Yoni. Towering obelisk monument is the phallus which symbolizes the male, masculine element that is active and positive, as well as symbolizing the daytime. While the court of the cup is a cornerstone of the obelisk symbolizes the Yoni the female, feminine elements are passive and negative, as well as symbolizing the evening. Phallus and yoni, a symbol of fertility and harmonious unity complementary since prehistoric Indonesia. Additionally Monas forms can also be interpreted as a "pounder" and "Dimples", rice pestle found in every household of traditional Indonesian farmers. Thus the full dimensions of the monument design typical of Indonesian culture. Monument obelisk consists of 117.7 meters above the runway as high as 17 meters square, court of the cup. This monument is lined with Italian marble.
Swimming in Northern Merdeka Park measuring 25 x 25 meters was designed as part of the air conditioning system as well as enhance the appearance of Monument Park. Nearby are the fountain and statue of Prince Diponegoro who was riding his horse, made of bronze weighing 8 tons. The statue was created by Italian sculptor, Prof.. Coberlato as a donation by the Consulate General of honores, Dr. Mario Bross in Indonesia. The entrance is on the park monument Merdeka North near the statue of Prince Diponegoro. The entrance through the tunnel that is 3 m below the park and cross the road this Monument, visitors to the monument entrance monument. Ticket booth located at the end of the tunnel. When visitors climb back to the ground level on the north side of the monument, visitors can continue walking around looking at the history of the struggle of Indonesian relief; entry into the national history museum through the door in the northeast corner, or straight up into the middle towards the independence of the court or the elevator to the top of the monument.
Swimming in Northern Merdeka Park measuring 25 x 25 meters was designed as part of the air conditioning system as well as enhance the appearance of Monument Park. Nearby are the fountain and statue of Prince Diponegoro who was riding his horse, made of bronze weighing 8 tons. The statue was created by Italian sculptor, Prof.. Coberlato as a donation by the Consulate General of honores, Dr. Mario Bross in Indonesia. The entrance is on the park monument Merdeka North near the statue of Prince Diponegoro. The entrance through the tunnel that is 3 m below the park and cross the road this Monument, visitors to the monument entrance monument. Ticket booth located at the end of the tunnel. When visitors climb back to the ground level on the north side of the monument, visitors can continue walking around looking at the history of the struggle of Indonesian relief; entry into the national history museum through the door in the northeast corner, or straight up into the middle towards the independence of the court or the elevator to the top of the monument.
History of Indonesian Relief
In the outer courtyard surrounding the monument, at every corner there are bas-reliefs depicting the history of Indonesia. Relief is started in the northeast corner of the archipelago perpetuate the glory of the past; Singhasari historical displays and Majapahit. Relief continues chronologically clockwise toward the southeast corner, southwest, and northwest. Chronologically depicts the Dutch colonial period, the resistance of the people of Indonesia and Indonesian national heroes, fighting for the establishment of a modern organization independent Indonesia in the early 20th century, the Youth Pledge, Japanese occupation and World War II, followed by the proclamation of Indonesian independence revolution and war of independence of the Republic Indonesia, Indonesia's development up to modern times. Reliefs and sculptures made of cement or metal pipe frames, unfortunately some of the sculptures and statues began to fall out and damaged by rain and tropical weather.
The National History Museum
At the base of the monument at a depth of 3 meters below ground level, there is the Indonesian National History Museum. Large space history museum national struggle with the size of 80 x 80 meters wide, can accommodate about 500 people visitors. Marble great room there are 48 dioramas on all four sides and 3 diorama in the middle, so that a total of 51 dioramas. Dioramas showing the history of Indonesia since the pre-history up to the New Order. This diorama dimula from the northeast corner moving clockwise tracing the history of Indonesia; begin the pre-history, ancient imperial past like Srivijaya and Majapahit, followed by European colonial period which followed the national resistance heroes pre independence against the VOC and the Dutch Government. Diorama continues until the Indonesian national movement of the early 20th century, Japanese occupation, the war of independence and the revolutionary period, until the New Order in the reign of Suharto
Space Independence
On the inside of the cup there is a monument to Independence amphitheater-shaped space. This room can be reached via stairs from the revolving door of the north and south. The store room and a state symbol of Indonesian independence. Among the original text of Indonesian Independence Proclamation stored in a glass case inside the gilded gates, the symbol of the state of Indonesia, map of the islands of the Republic of Indonesia plated gold, white and red flag, and the walls are inscribed the manuscript Proclamation of Indonesian Independence. In the space of Independence National Monument is used as a quiet room and meditate for a moment of silence in memory of the nature of freedom and the struggle of the Indonesian nation. The original manuscript proclamation of Indonesian independence kept in a glass box in the gilded gates. Mechanical door is made of bronze weighing 4 tons of gold-plated engraving decorated Wijaya Kusuma flower that symbolizes eternity, and the lotus flower which symbolizes purity. This door is located on the west side of the wall right in the middle of the room and black marble. The door is known as the Gate of Independence which will mechanically open as he let out the song "State of you" followed later by a recorded voice read out the text of the proclamation Sukarno middle on August 17, 1945. On the south side there is a statue of Garuda Pancasila, the Indonesian state emblem made of bronze weighing 3 , 5 tons and gold plated. On the east side there is a paper copy of the proclamation lettered bronze, this side should display the flag of the most holy and glorified the Red and White, which originally was first flown on August 17, 1945. However because his condition is getting old and fragile, sacred flag is not on display. The north side of this black marble Diding featuring gilded archipelago, symbolizing the Republic Indonesia.Semua location was very beautiful.
Court of the Peak and Independence Fire
An elevator (lift) on the south side of the door will take visitors to the top court measuring 11 x 11 meters in height of 115 meters from the ground. The elevator has a capacity of 11 people all haul. The top court can accommodate about 50 people, and there are binoculars for a closer look at the panoramic view of Jakarta. At around the body there is an elevator emergency staircase made of iron. From the top of Monas monument, visitors can enjoy spectacular views across the city. When the sunny weather conditions without fog of smoke, in the direction of the south to be seen from a distance Mount Salak in Bogor district, West Java, stretching north towards the open sea with small islands.
At the top of the National Monument are buttress cup bronze lights weighing up to 14.5 tonnes and 35 Kilograms of gold coated. Flame or torch, measuring 14 meters high and 6 meters in diameter consisting of 77 sections joined together. This flame as a symbol of the spirit of the struggle of the Indonesian people who want to achieve independence. Originally the bronze flame coated with gold sheets weighing 35 kilograms, but to welcome the celebration of half a century (50 years) of Indonesian independence in 1995, the gold sheet overlay that weighed 50 kilograms of gold sheet. Top of the monument in the form of "unremitting Nan Fire" which means that the Indonesian people always have a burning passion to fight and never recede or outages of all time. Court of the cup gives a great view for visitors from a height of 17 meters from the ground. Court of the cup can be reached via an elevator when it fell from the top court, or through the ladder reached the bottom cup. High court of the cup from the bottom of 17 meters, while the height ranges between historical museum space to the bottom of the cup is 8 m (3 feet below ground plus 5 meters of stairs to the base cup). The vast square courtyard, measuring 45 x 45 meters, all of which are the preservation of sacred figures Proclamation of Independence (17-8-1945).
A total of 28 kg from 38 kg of gold at Monas torch is a contribution from Teuku Markam, an Acehnese businessman who was once one of the richest people in Indonesia.
At the top of the National Monument are buttress cup bronze lights weighing up to 14.5 tonnes and 35 Kilograms of gold coated. Flame or torch, measuring 14 meters high and 6 meters in diameter consisting of 77 sections joined together. This flame as a symbol of the spirit of the struggle of the Indonesian people who want to achieve independence. Originally the bronze flame coated with gold sheets weighing 35 kilograms, but to welcome the celebration of half a century (50 years) of Indonesian independence in 1995, the gold sheet overlay that weighed 50 kilograms of gold sheet. Top of the monument in the form of "unremitting Nan Fire" which means that the Indonesian people always have a burning passion to fight and never recede or outages of all time. Court of the cup gives a great view for visitors from a height of 17 meters from the ground. Court of the cup can be reached via an elevator when it fell from the top court, or through the ladder reached the bottom cup. High court of the cup from the bottom of 17 meters, while the height ranges between historical museum space to the bottom of the cup is 8 m (3 feet below ground plus 5 meters of stairs to the base cup). The vast square courtyard, measuring 45 x 45 meters, all of which are the preservation of sacred figures Proclamation of Independence (17-8-1945).
A total of 28 kg from 38 kg of gold at Monas torch is a contribution from Teuku Markam, an Acehnese businessman who was once one of the richest people in Indonesia.
Indonesian Article Source : http://id.wikipedia.org
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